Landscapes

Landscapes The first naturalistic landscapes were painted by Dürer and Bruegel. Landscapes appeared in most Renaissance paintings, however, only as settings to portrait painting and figure compositions. Styles in landscape painting range from the tranquil, classically idealized world in Claude Lorrain and Poussin arts, the precise, canal topography of Francesco Guardi and Canaletto paintings and the structural analyses of Cézanne to the poetic romanticism of Samuel Palmer and the later Constables and Turners and the exultant pantheism of Rubens and Van Gogh. Modern landscapes vary in approach from the Expressionism of Oskar Kokoschka's cities and rivers, Maurice de Vlaminck's wintry countrysides, and John Marin's crystalline seascape paintings to the metaphysical country of Ernst, Dalí, and René Magritte.